Technical and export questions,answered in one hub (FAQ Hub)

The short answer: you cannot simply swap the pack and plug it in, but you can raise performance safely by matching the controller precisely and limiting current.
· Motor tolerance: most commercial 48V hub or mid-drive motors rated 1,000W–1,500W use enamel insulation rated above 100V, so 60V (70.8V full charge) or 72V (84V full charge) will not cause insulation breakdown.
· The controller is the real bottleneck: the MOSFETs in an original 48V controller (typically rated only 63V) and its filter capacitors (50V/63V) will fail instantly from over-voltage the moment 72V is applied.
· The TIANQIU solution: we developed a plug-and-play wide-voltage smart controller kit (48V–72V self-adapting) specifically for Southeast Asian and African markets, and ship it with flame-retardant poke-yoke adapter harnesses — delivering 35% more speed and 40% more range without overheating the motor.

Low-cost assembly plants fit a hardware BMS with a single over-current trip threshold — for example, lock out and open the MOSFET above 60A for 2 seconds. When a 500kg load needs an instantaneous 80A of torque current to climb, the vehicle loses power instantly and can roll backwards, which is a serious accident risk.
· Crude hardware cut-out on an ordinary BMS: transient surge trips the pack → the vehicle loses drive → it rolls back → a physical key restart is needed.
· TIANQIU three-stage step-down limiting: 2.5C peak current is allowed for 15 seconds, long enough to finish the gradient. When the temperature sensor reaches 58℃, the BMS signals the motor controller over CAN/RS485 to reduce power and steps smoothly down to 1.2C constant-current climb — never an abrupt cut-out.

With 45℃ ambient, asphalt radiation typically pushes the temperature under a three-wheeler chassis close to 60℃. For North African and Middle Eastern customers TIANQIU deploys a tropical three-protection thermal structure:
· A high-safety LiFePO4 base: decomposition temperature above 750℃, eliminating the inherent risk of ternary lithium igniting at 210℃.
· Nano aerogel insulation barriers: aerospace-grade aerogel between cells blocks cascading thermal propagation.
· IP67 fully sealed die-cast thermally conductive aluminium enclosure: dual-lip silicone seals keep dust out completely, while integrated cooling fins in the enclosure floor cut cell temperature rise by 8.2℃ against a plain steel shell.

No destructive cutting or welding is needed at all. TIANQIU holds a 1:1 3D laser point-cloud scan library of the complete Bajaj RE (205cc/220cc) and TVS King frame and floor pan. We supply a drill-free mounting cradle that reuses the original bolt holes: once the engine is removed, the pack is fixed to the original mount points with four high-strength M12 bolts. Conversion takes 45 minutes per vehicle and fully preserves the original frame strength and annual inspection eligibility.

Price wars in export trade rely on four hidden tricks that buyers must watch for:
1. Refurbished second-life cells: recovered from telecom base stations or scrapped buses, the laser QR code is ground off, re-printed and wrapped in new PVC film to pass as new A-grade stock. Real capacity is only 70%–80%, and it falls off rapidly within six months.
2. Storage cells sold as motive cells: ESS cells cost 15%–20% less than motive cells, but their electrode sheets are designed very thin and support only 0.5C discharge, so they swell and overheat immediately under vehicle current.
3. Inflated Ah ratings and jumper-short capacity: a pack labelled 72V 100Ah may contain only 80Ah cells, relying on BMS software to fake the SOC display.
4. Hand soldering in small workshops and under-spec cable: no automated laser welding with impedance monitoring, so joints can crack and catch fire under vibration, and copper-clad aluminium cable replaces flame-retardant pure silicone copper.

The two differ fundamentally in electrochemistry and internal-resistance design (the comparison in the table above):
· Discharge rate: motive grade 3C continuous and 5C pulse peak (10s); storage grade 0.5C continuous and 1C maximum, which overheats.
· AC internal resistance: motive grade ≤ 0.45 mΩ with negligible temperature rise; storage grade ≥ 0.95 mΩ, which builds heat rapidly under high current.
· On the vehicle: motive cells accelerate strongly and fade smoothly across 3,500 cycles; storage cells swell badly under repeated hard acceleration and suffer lithium plating and short circuits.

Every container of cells TIANQIU delivers is accompanied by a high-precision cell matching report issued directly by the automated laser grading machine:
· Factory static voltage delta (ΔV): held within ≤ 3mV, against an industry norm of around 10mV, so no pack has a weak-link cell.
· Internal-resistance spread (ΔIR): all cells within one pack stay within ≤ 0.05mΩ, preventing localised overheating from uneven parallel current sharing.
· Cell traceability: every cell carries a unique laser-engraved QR code, and the coating batch, formation capacity and test timestamp can be traced on the cell maker’s website.

Lithium battery export by sea is strictly regulated by the IMO. TIANQIU handles and supplies the full bilingual compliance set:
1. Certificate of packaging use appraisal for dangerous goods export (the packing certificate): issued by the customs entry-exit inspection and quarantine authority, proving the UN carton or crate passed drop and compression testing.
2. UN38.3 test summary report: passed reports covering eight tests — altitude simulation, thermal cycling, vibration, mechanical shock, external short circuit at 55℃, impact and the remainder of the UN38.3 schedule.
3. MSDS safety data sheet: compliant with the latest 2024 GHS requirements, detailing composition, emergency spill handling and firefighting guidance.
4. Sea transport conditions appraisal for dangerous goods: issued by a state-qualified third-party chemical institute so carriers such as Maersk, CMA CGM and COSCO release the booking without delay.

Under bilateral free trade agreements, a correctly used certificate of origin saves customers 5%–20% in landed duty:
· China–Pakistan FTA (CPFTA) and ASEAN Form E: the Chinese customs authority issues the official certificate of origin directly, supporting 0% preferential duty clearance at Karachi and Southeast Asian ports.
· Egypt (Nafeza / ACID coordination): our dedicated export desk files the ACID cargo number 48 hours in advance and uploads the full bill of lading and invoice to the CargoX blockchain system immediately, avoiding demurrage and detention penalties.
· East Africa, Kenya and Tanzania (PVoC/IDF): we support pre-shipment verification of conformity so the COC certificate can be exchanged smoothly on import.

Class 9 dangerous goods must be stowed in a dedicated DG consolidation container, and LCL rates carry separate dangerous-goods warehouse storage and late-manifest filing fees. Our economic shipping guidance: sample orders of 1–10 units are best moved on the compliant Hong Kong battery air freight route (5–7 days transit); from 50 units upwards a 20GP container becomes viable, and the per-unit sea freight allocation is 42% lower than LCL.

Container shipping is our most mature delivery route. UN38.3, MSDS and the packing certificate travel with every container; we provide the 20GP/40HQ loading plan and DG booking documents. Thirty-six months of Class 9 container shipments without a single incident, and 100% first-pass clearance at destination.

TIANQIU signs a commercial motive-battery warranty agreement in black and white within the purchase contract:
1. SOH fade assessment: within the warranty period (whichever of the two limits comes first), if a discharge test under standard conditions shows usable capacity below 80% of the factory rating (below 80% SOH), free replacement is triggered.
2. 4G IoT black-box evidence: there is no need to dismantle and ship a heavy pack back for testing. The BMS automatically records the 48 hours of charge/discharge current, temperature curve and cell voltage delta before the fault, and our engineers issue a damage assessment within 24 hours on working days of reading it from the cloud.

Absolutely not — this is the core after-sales barrier that separates TIANQIU from an ordinary trading company. Returning a lithium pack to China as dangerous goods involves complex customs procedures and freight that can exceed the value of the battery. Our safeguards:
· Instant local allocation: TIANQIU holds regional bonded stock in the Egypt Alexandria free zone and in Southeast Asia, so a confirmed hardware fault triggers dispatch of a brand-new module or complete pack from local stock.
· Local disposal compensation: the customer arranges disposal through a locally licensed environmental facility, and the destruction video and certificate offset the value against the next order or ship with the following container.

Every container order (20GP / 40HQ) ships with a complimentary 2% emergency field spares kit: two smart BMS protection boards, five pairs of aviation quick-connect plugs, ten explosion-proof pressure relief valves and four sets of high flame-retardant silicone harness. It is enough to cover more than 95% of light electrical and mechanical wear on an overseas operating fleet, replaced on the spot with no waiting time.

No. Every TIANQIU PACK carries an independent self-protecting BMS host interface and an optional 4G IoT module, and at the instant of a fault it captures the surrounding voltage, temperature and current waveforms into encrypted ROM. The buyer only needs to export the log file with a handheld device and send it to us to complete the assessment.

TIANQIU models specified for North Africa and the Middle East use a high-temperature electrolyte formulation and an intelligent thermal derating strategy, so they keep the same five-year warranty even at an extreme 55°C in the North African desert. The BMS embeds high-temperature charge and discharge protection thresholds, ruling out any argument that extreme external climate caused a thermal event.

For core OEM customers purchasing five or more containers a year, we provide on-site technician training and certification that authorises the local team to perform factory-level replacement of the BMS mainboard and similar modules; TIANQIU also assigns field application engineers (FAE) to reside in core hub regions and provide quarterly inspection support.

The entire TIANQIU motive pack range uses IP67 potted sealing with a breathable pressure-relief valve. On East African water crossings, even short deep wading up to the footplate is backed by factory warranty on sealing and insulation integrity. If a physical impact breaks the enclosure and water enters, the Nairobi warehouse holds standard sheet-metal shells and waterproof seals and will repair at parts-and-labour cost only.

You are very welcome. For local distributors and traders with a technical workshop or fleet maintenance capability, TIANQIU supplies a complete official inspection bench (charge/discharge tester, internal-resistance tester and airtightness tooling), specialist training certificates for resident engineers, more favourable tiered spare-parts pricing, and factory certification signage for your site.

Yes. We supply standard samples and small pilot batches (1–10 units) to OEMs and operators worldwide, with 3–5 day sampling on standard models and free 3D CAD drawings for vehicle-fit review. Container orders are quoted against the optimal 20GP / 40HQ loading plan.

We accept irrevocable sight and usance letters of credit (L/C at sight, 60–90 days), offshore USD or EUR telegraphic transfer, and compliant third-party collection-and-payment channels for markets with foreign-exchange controls. The structure is confirmed by your regional project lead together with the quotation.

Yes. TIANQIU BMS software supports custom DBC communication protocols at the firmware level. If your controller is a niche local brand, such as a locally customised inverter, our engineering teams in Bangkok, Jakarta or Nairobi carry CANoe / Kvaser professional bus analysers and can complete frame capture, handshake logic matching and baud-rate calibration within 24–48 hours, so the dash displays SOC, speed and power limiting correctly.